Are You Documenting Your Financial Processes?

Are You Documenting Your Financial Processes?

Veterinary offices are busy workplaces made up of many moving parts. While veterinarians and medical staff work hard each day to treat patients, practice managers and administrative staff maintain the operational side of the business. Each day, team members carry out financial processes vital to the operation of the practice. But are these processes being thoroughly documented? By taking the time to document financial processes and team member duties, veterinary practices create consistency across business operations, maintain organized systems, reduce training and onboarding time, ensure business continuity when team members leave, and enable informed decision-making.

What financial processes should be documented?

Processes that should be documented include all bookkeeping tasks such as managing daily financial transactions, financial reports, balance sheets, cash flow statements, general ledgers, and income statements. Other processes that should be documented include payroll management, budget creation, and financial forecasting.

What does it mean to document your financial processes?

Documenting your processes requires breaking each task down into a series of clearly outlined steps. These steps should be presented in a way that they can be easily followed by someone else if necessary. One method of documenting processes is process mapping, a technique that utilizes visual representations of workflows and team member responsibilities. A flowchart is an example of a type of process map.

Why is it important to document processes and team member duties?

There are many reasons you should be documenting your practice’s processes and team member responsibilities. A well-documented system creates organization, efficiency, and consistency within your operations. An effective system of documentation should lay out each team member’s essential duties, indicating what tasks fall under each position. This ensures that all necessary tasks are carried out while reducing confusion over responsibilities and creating a more efficient workflow. Documenting processes also creates consistency in operations, allowing tasks to be completed the same way every time. Consistent procedures not only improve the quality of your operations but also gain the confidence of team members and clients. Standardized processes demonstrate professionalism and reliability, especially when it comes to the management of your practice’s financials.

Documenting your processes also ensures business continuity should a team member leave his/her position. What if your bookkeeper unexpectedly leaves tomorrow? Would your practice continue operating smoothly? What about the team member in charge of payroll? Would your staff continue to be paid on time? Documenting essential processes and roles reduces disruption to your business’s operations should a situation like this occur. Even when a team member’s departure is expected, the transference of duties to the incoming team member can consume significant time and energy. Detailed descriptions of each position and the corresponding responsibilities aid immensely in the training and onboarding of new staff. This is especially true for cases in which the outgoing team member has been in his/her role for several years and has functioned autonomously for much of that time. Proper documentation of duties allows the knowledge of experienced employees to be passed on to succeeding team members, rather than being lost during transition.

Lastly, detailed documentation of financial processes aids a practice’s ability to assess and improve its operations. Documentation helps veterinary practices monitor compliance with financial regulations and legal requirements, prepare for audits, and maintain internal controls. It also allows practices to review their financial processes and determine if there is a need for improvement, guiding informed decision-making for practice owners and managers.

Time to document!

The task of documenting your practice’s financial processes and team member duties can require significant time and effort initially. However, the benefits of documentation far outweigh the costs. Documenting your processes will ensure your business is run efficiently so that you can focus on your core mission of caring for your animal patients. For guidance on documenting your financial processes, reach out to our experts at RBT CPAs. You can count on RBT CPAs for exceptional accounting, audit, tax, and advisory services. Give us a call today to find out how we can be Remarkably Better Together.

The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Program: Why You Need a LIHTC-Certified CPA on Your Team

The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Program: Why You Need a LIHTC-Certified CPA on Your Team

The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) offers tax credits to real estate developers for constructing, purchasing, or renovating rental housing for low-income individuals and families. A LIHTC-certified professional determines whether applicants are eligible for the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit and ensures that tax credit properties remain in compliance with IRS, State Housing Finance Agencies, and HUD (Housing and Urban Development) regulations. RBT CPAs, a leading accounting firm in the Hudson Valley, can provide this service to real estate developers with LIHTC properties or those looking to apply for the program.

What is the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit?

The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program is used to create affordable housing for low-income families via residential rental real estate development. The project can be solely low-income, or combined with market rate units as part of a mixed-income development. The LIHTC can be used for new construction, rehabilitation, or acquisition of rental properties. The program benefits families seeking quality affordable housing while also creating opportunities for developers and investors to achieve a profit. For every dollar of credit received, investors can deduct a dollar from their tax liability over a 10-year period.

Due to the ongoing nationwide housing crisis, the LIHTC program is arguably more important now than ever. According to recent U.S. Census data, nearly 50% of all renters are considered “cost-burdened,” meaning they spend more than 30% of their income on housing; over 25% are deemed “severely cost-burdened,” spending more than 50% of their income on housing. The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit program is the primary source of affordable housing creation in the United States.

What is the CPA’s Role?

The LIHTC program is very complex, presenting many administrative hurdles and compliance requirements. If LIHTC properties do not remain in compliance, previously received tax credits may be recaptured, meaning the recipient must pay at least a portion of the credits back, plus interest. To avoid the recapture of tax credits, it is imperative to work with a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) versed in all stages of a LIHTC project who can ensure proper planning and review.

LIHTC-certified professionals complete a comprehensive certification course followed by a five-hour examination. CPAs with this certification possess a thorough knowledge of the LIHTC program including eligibility requirements, IRS and HUD regulations and guidance, occupancy requirements, calculations, annual recertification processes, and more. Using their specialized knowledge and training, a LIHTC-certified CPA will ensure that LIHTC properties remain in compliance with the program’s many complex and ongoing regulations.

That’s where we can help.

RBT CPAs is prepared to guide our real estate clients through the complexities and requirements of the LIHTC program. We offer specialized accounting, audit, tax, and consulting services for the affordable housing industry, including: annual financial statement audits, reviews and compilations and annual tax filings; due diligence; project final cost and eligible basis certifications; 95/5 test; 10% and 50% tests; capital account analysis; tenant file agreed-upon-procedures; financial forecasts; tax planning; and HUD audits and compliance.

Learn More

To learn more about how we can help you with your LIHTC project, get in touch with one of our experts. RBT CPAs Client Advisory Partner Ross Trapani, CPA is a certified Tax Credit Specialist. Ross earned his certification through the National Center for Housing Management, an industry leader in providing high-quality specialized certifications to professionals serving the housing industry. To learn more about the Tax Credit Specialist certification, you can visit the NCHM website. For information regarding the LIHTC and how RBT can help, email Ross Trapani at rtrapani@rbtcpas.com.

RBT CPAs, a leading accounting firm in the Hudson Valley, has been proudly serving businesses in the Hudson Valley for over 50 years. To learn more about our expert accounting, tax, audit, and advisory services, contact us today.

Real Estate Professional Status: What Are the Benefits and Do You Qualify?

Real Estate Professional Status: What Are the Benefits and Do You Qualify?

Do you own and manage real estate properties as your primary occupation? If so, you may qualify for real estate professional status (REPS). Real estate professional status is a tax designation with the potential to reduce the tax liability of real estate professionals significantly. To qualify for and maintain real estate professional status, individuals must meet specific requirements set forth by the IRS. So, what are the benefits of REPS, and do you qualify for this designation? Let’s break it down.

What are the tax benefits of real estate professional status?

Individuals with REP status are exempt from passive activity loss rules typically applied to rental properties. Passive activity loss rules dictate that passive losses cannot be used to reduce an individual’s earned (ordinary) income for tax purposes. Under this regulation, losses incurred from passive activities can only be used to offset passive income, not active income. Rental activities are normally subject to passive activity loss rules because they are considered “passive activities” by the IRS, even if the owner is substantially involved in the operation of the property. However, the IRS makes an exception for individuals with real estate professional status. Rental activities are not considered passive for real estate professionals who materially participate in real estate activities. This means that individuals with REP status can use losses incurred from rental activities to reduce their overall taxable income.

How do you qualify for real estate professional status?

The IRS defines a real property trade or business as the following: a trade or business that develops (or redevelops), constructs (or reconstructs), acquires, converts, rents, leases, operates, manages, or brokers real property. To qualify for REPS, you must:

  1. Spend more than 50 percent of your time materially participating in real property trades or businesses.
  2. Perform more than 750 hours of service in real property trades or businesses in which you materially participate.

Please note, there are also other requirements that are looked at by tax courts. There have been recent cases challenging taxpayers’ qualifications for real estate professional status; as such, it is crucial to carefully review and document your real estate professional qualifications.

The most important component of REPS qualifications is the issue of material participation. But what does it mean to materially participate? Material participation requires active involvement in the operation of the activities. To qualify for REPS, an individual must meet at least one of the specific material participation requirements outlined by the IRS. Speak with your financial advisor to determine if you meet any of these requirements. Some examples of material participation include: showing property to potential renters, processing tenant applications, performing maintenance and repairs of the property, supervising a property manager, purchasing supplies, and communicating with renters. Activities such as research, education, and investor activities typically do not count as material participation.

To qualify for and maintain REP status, real estate professionals must maintain contemporaneous records of work hours and activities. The chances of being audited by the IRS increase when you attain REP status, and you will be responsible for providing evidence of qualification. If audited, you must be able to prove material participation using evidence such as time logs, work calendars, appointment books, emails, records of meetings, or receipts.

What’s next?

Real estate professional status can offer significant benefits to people who own and operate rental properties. If you are interested in applying for this tax designation, it’s important to speak with a tax professional who can help you review the qualifications and get the most out of potential tax benefits. RBT CPAs is here to assist you. Our experts can help you minimize your tax liabilities and maximize deductions with our strategic tax planning tailored to the unique complexities of the real estate industry. And as always, we are here to support all of your other accounting, tax, audit, and advisory needs. Give us a call today to learn more.

Revenue Ruling 2023-02: Updated Tax Consequences of Gifting Your Estate

Revenue Ruling 2023-02: Updated Tax Consequences of Gifting Your Estate

In 2023, the IRS issued Revenue Ruling 2023-02, significantly impacting the transference of assets held in irrevocable trusts. If you are the owner of an irrevocable trust—or are planning to set up an irrevocable trust—you should meet with your accountant to assess the impact of this rule change on your estate plan.

What are the tax benefits of trusts?

There are two basic types of trusts used to transfer assets to beneficiaries: revocable and irrevocable. Revocable trusts can be changed or revoked after they are created; the assets in a revocable trust remain a part of the grantor’s estate and are therefore subject to estate taxes. With few exceptions, irrevocable trusts cannot be changed or revoked. Depending upon the verbiage in an irrevocable trust agreement, transfers to the trust may be considered completed gifts; as such, they are not included in the grantor’s estate and are therefore exempt from estate taxes. If, by the terms of the trust, the grantor maintains the right to determine the beneficiaries and the beneficial enjoyment of the trust assets, the grantor may be deemed not to have made completed gifts when the assets were transferred to the trust. If this is the case, when the grantor passes away, the trust assets will be included in the grantor’s estate and may be subject to estate taxes. An irrevocable trust can be a useful component of a person’s estate plan and long-term tax strategy; however, careful consideration must be given to the terms of the trust agreement.

Up until 2023, assets in revocable trusts and many irrevocable trusts benefited from a provision known as the “step-up in basis” upon the death of the grantor. Under the step-up in basis provision, when the grantor dies, the tax basis (the price originally paid) of a trust’s assets “steps up” to the fair market value at the time of the grantor’s death. What is the significance of this? The step-up in basis provision greatly reduces or eliminates capital gains taxes for the trust’s beneficiary, as he/she is only required to pay taxes on the increase in value of the trust’s assets occurring after the original owner’s death, not the increase in value occurring during the lifetime of the owner.

What changed with Revenue Ruling 2023-02?

With the issuance of Revenue Ruling 2023-02, however, the IRS clarified that any assets held in an irrevocable trust that are not included in the owner’s taxable estate do NOT qualify for a step-up in basis. In other words, an irrevocable trust that excludes the trust assets from an individual’s estate can no longer reap the dual benefits of an estate tax exemption and a step-up in basis. This change, of course, may have significant tax implications for grantors of irrevocable trusts and their beneficiaries.

Assets in many more irrevocable trusts now maintain a carryover basis, as opposed to a stepped-up basis, meaning the assets retain the tax basis of the original owner. Therefore, the capital gains of the gifted assets are calculated using the original tax basis, resulting in higher capital gains taxes for the beneficiary.

This change will begin to impact more people starting in 2026, when the current high exemption threshold for estate taxes ($13.99 million in 2025) is due to sunset. On January 1, 2026, if no actions are taken to change the law, the exemption threshold will reset to approximately $7 million, meaning many more families and individuals will be subject to estate taxes after that point.

Is it time to review your estate plan?

Whether an irrevocable trust remains a tax-beneficial option for transferring your estate depends largely on your individual circumstances. It is important to carefully weigh the tax advantages and disadvantages of the provisions of irrevocable trust agreements with the help of an experienced financial professional.

At RBT CPAs, our Gift, Estate, and Tax practice professionals help clients define their financial goals, understand and weigh their options, and develop an estate plan. We can review legal documents, such as trust agreements, to ensure they are tax-beneficial and aligned with your goals. We are available to meet with you annually to review your estate plan, ensuring it’s on track to reflect your wishes and is adapted to address any tax law changes, such as the ruling discussed in this article.

To learn more about how we can be Remarkably Better Together, please don’t hesitate to give us a call today.

Tax Credits Available to Manufacturers in New York

Tax Credits Available to Manufacturers in New York

As a manufacturer in New York State, you may be able to receive tax credits for purchasing new equipment, creating new jobs, utilizing property for manufacturing, investing in research and development, participating in the Excelsior Jobs Program, and more. Tax credits can directly reduce the taxes you owe and, in some cases, produce a refund. In the spirit of tax season, let’s take a look at some of the tax credits available to manufacturers in New York.

  1. Investment Tax Credit (ITC) and Employment Incentive Credit (EIC)

Businesses in New York that make investments in machinery, buildings, or equipment are eligible to receive the Investment Tax Credit. The standard rate of credit for C corporations is 5% on the first $350 million invested, and 4% for any amount over $350 million. The credit for S corporations, partnerships, and sole proprietorships is a flat 4% rate. Any unused credit can be carried forward 15 years for C corporations, or 10 years for S corporations, partnerships, and sole proprietorships. A corporation that qualifies as a new business can elect to receive a refund for unused credit rather than carrying it forward. If your investment in qualifying property creates additional jobs, your business may also be eligible for an Employment Incentive Credit (EIC) for the two years succeeding the investment. To qualify for the Employment Incentive Credit, you must (1) qualify for the Investment Tax Credit and (2) increase your average number of employees by at least 101% of the average number of employees during the employment base year (the year immediately preceding the ITC year).

  1. Manufacturer’s Real Property Tax Credit

You may be eligible to receive a credit equal to 20% of the real property taxes paid during the tax year on your New York State business property. To qualify, you must use your property principally for manufacturing, processing, assembling, refining, mining, extracting, farming, agriculture, horticulture, floriculture, viticulture, or commercial fishing. For more information about eligibility requirements, see Manufacturer’s Real Property Tax Credit.

  1. R&D Tax Credits

Planning to research new technologies or develop a new product? New York manufacturers may be eligible for both federal and state credits for research and development (R&D) activities. The federal R&D Tax Credit offers a dollar-for-dollar reduction in taxable income for qualifying expenses. This credit is available to U.S. businesses for qualifying research activities like software development, testing new technologies, product enhancements, and more. Qualified small businesses can use the R&D credit to offset quarterly payroll taxes up to $500,000. New York State offers a separate R&D tax credit to businesses participating in the Excelsior Jobs Program. The Excelsior Research and Development Tax Credit equals 50% of the business’s federal R&D credit related to R&D expenses in New York State, up to 6% of research expenses based in NYS (8% for a qualified green project or green CHIPS project).

 

  1. Excelsior Jobs Program Tax Credit

If your business participates in the Excelsior Jobs Program, you may be eligible to receive the Excelsior Jobs Program Tax Credit, equal to the sum of five components:

    • Excelsior Jobs Tax Credit (up to 6.85% of wages per net new job; up to 7.5% for green project or green CHIPS project)
    • Excelsior Investment Tax Credit (2% of qualified investments; up to 5% for green project or green CHIPS project)
    • Excelsior Research and Development Tax Credit (50% of federal R&D credit related to R&D expenses in New York State, up to 6% of research expenses based in NYS or 8% for green project or green CHIPS project)
    • Excelsior Real Property Tax Credit (available to businesses located in certain distressed areas or qualified as Regionally Significant Projects)
    • Excelsior Child Care Services Tax Credit (up to 6% of net new childcare services expenditures)

For more information about the tax credits included under the Excelsior Jobs Program, visit Empire State Development.

Have questions?

Understanding the various tax credits available to New York manufacturers can be a confusing process. That’s where we can help. RBT CPAs’ tax and accounting professionals are here to help you understand and claim credits for your business, allowing you to make the most of tax-saving opportunities in our state. Learn more by speaking with one of our experts today.

Planning Ahead: The Importance of Succession Plans and Buy-Sell Agreements

Planning Ahead: The Importance of Succession Plans and Buy-Sell Agreements

As a construction business owner, you’re on top of your project plans—but what about your succession plan?  A comprehensive succession plan is a critical part of any company’s business strategy, helping to ensure the continued success of your business even after you leave your role as owner.

Why You Need a Comprehensive Succession Plan

A succession plan isn’t merely a piece of paper stating your chosen successor(s). A well-structured succession plan takes several years to develop and may change over time depending on the needs of your business and its stakeholders. It’s never too early to get started on a succession plan. You should begin planning for future transitions long before you expect to retire or leave your position. Life is unpredictable, and you never know when circumstances may demand a change of leadership. In the case of an unexpected event such as illness, injury, or even death, you’ll want to ensure that the management of your business is left in good hands.

When building your succession plan, consider what positions are critical to the operation of your business and identify high-potential employees as possible candidates for succession. A vital factor in developing future leaders within your company is a culture of constant training and mentorship. It is in your best interest to provide frequent, high-quality training opportunities and conduct regular performance reviews of your employees. Experienced construction professionals possess a wealth of hands-on experience, industry knowledge, and valuable skills. Mentorship programs ensure that this knowledge is passed down to the next generation of workers, rather than being lost when experienced employees leave or retire.

Not only does a detailed succession plan provide a blueprint for the future of your company, but it also earns the confidence of your employees, investors, clients, and other stakeholders by assuring them that a plan is in place for the inevitable transition of leadership. As such, it’s advisable to communicate your plan, as well as any changes or updates, to company stakeholders. The plan should be regularly reviewed and adjusted if necessary to ensure alignment with the business’s current goals and needs.

The Benefits of Buy-Sell Agreements

One question that you will face when developing a succession plan is how company ownership will be transferred when the time comes. One option for transferring ownership is through a buy-sell agreement. Buy-sell agreements are typically implemented by companies with multiple owners to guarantee business continuity in the event that one owner leaves the business for reasons such as retirement, voluntary exit, disability, or death. Buy-sell agreements help to protect the business by allowing a smooth transition of ownership, preventing owners from selling interests to outside parties, providing a method for assessing the value of company interests, and avoiding tax consequences of transferring ownership.

There are two main types of buy-sell agreements: cross-purchase agreements and entity-purchase (redemption) agreements. Under a cross-purchase agreement, the interests of the departing owner are purchased by the remaining owners. In the event of an owner’s death, tax-free life insurance policies (taken out by all owners on each other) are often used to fund this purchase. Under an entity-purchase agreement, the business entity itself purchases the interests of the departing owner, also commonly using tax-free life insurance benefits to fund the purchase. The establishment of buy-sell agreements is merely one component of a comprehensive business succession plan.

Set Your Business Up for Success

Investing the time and effort to formulate a succession plan early on reduces the risk of disruption and difficulties for your business down the road. It’s important to work with a team of trusted advisors throughout this process to ensure the long-term success of your succession plan and your business. RBT CPAs’ business advisory services experts are available to assist you with creating and reviewing your succession plan and buy-sell agreement. We are also here to support all of your accounting, tax, and audit needs. For more information, don’t hesitate to give us a call and find out how we can be Remarkably Better Together.

How Will Tariffs Impact the Construction Industry?

How Will Tariffs Impact the Construction Industry?

The United States’ economic landscape has seen a great deal of change over the last few months since the arrival of the new administration. One of the most widely discussed and debated acts by the White House has been the enactment of significant tariffs on imported goods. The impact of the new trade policies can already be seen in the construction industry, taking the form of rising material costs and supply chain disruptions. The construction industry may be hit hard by the new tariff policies, but there are ways for contractors to prepare for the changing trade situation and remain resilient despite logistical challenges.

Since January, the U.S. has announced tariffs on goods imported from Canada, Mexico, and China. The U.S. has also reinstated a 25 percent tariff on steel imports and increased the tariff on aluminum imports to 25 percent. Several countries have responded to these measures with retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods. The newly imposed tariffs will likely impact the construction industry in significant ways, with some effects already taking hold.

The most obvious impact of the tariffs is the likelihood of increased material costs. According to the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB), “approximately 7% of all goods used in new residential construction originate from a foreign nation.” Costs of certain materials began rising even before the new tariffs took effect, due to widespread anticipation of the new trade policies. Materials impacted by the recent tariffs include lumber, gypsum, steel, iron, aluminum, and cement.

Increased material costs could force contractors to either absorb the additional costs or pass them on to their customers. Contractors with fixed or maximum price contracts may be unable to pass increased costs onto customers, forced instead to take the financial hit themselves. Cost increases and escalating tensions with trading partners may also impact supply chains, leading to potential disruptions, delays, and/or shortages. These disruptions could in turn lead to delays in project deadlines, and uncertainty surrounding future material costs may lead to difficulty estimating project costs.

The current uncertainty surrounding the tariffs and retaliatory measures by other countries makes it hard to predict the full effect of these policy changes. However, there are ways contractors can prepare for the impact of tariffs. Business owners should identify which of their sources and materials will be affected and assess the potential cost impact of the new tariff rates. To offset higher material costs, contractors may consider raising prices strategically while maintaining transparency with clients.

To avoid the new tariffs altogether, businesses may consider alternative sourcing, domestic suppliers, and the use of alternative building materials. Diversifying suppliers helps to strengthen the resilience of supply chains against unpredictable events and circumstances. Contractors should also meet with their legal counsel to review their contracts and contract language. Fixed-price contracts present financial risk for contractors, especially during uncertain economic times. Business owners, under the guidance of their attorneys, might consider adjusting contract language to include protective clauses such as price escalation clauses and change-in-law clauses. These clauses help to protect businesses from factors outside of their control, such as unexpected changes in material costs and law changes.

Lastly, contractors should stay informed of the latest tariff developments, as the situation is developing rapidly. The new tariffs may present significant challenges to the construction industry in the coming years, but U.S. businesses can weather the storm of changing trade policies by rethinking their sourcing, improving supply chain resilience, and innovating their business strategies. Planning ahead with financial and legal advisors—and adjusting your business strategies accordingly—will help to minimize the risk of disruption to your operations in the face of the new tariffs.

To Merge or Not to Merge: New York State Offering Increased Aid to Consolidating School Districts

To Merge or Not to Merge: New York State Offering Increased Aid to Consolidating School Districts

As of July 2024, school districts in New York State that reorganize—or merge—are eligible for financial assistance of up to 40 percent of the Total Foundation Aid Base under the Reorganization Incentive Operating Aid (RIOA) program. Unfrozen in the 2024-2025 state budget, RIOA is available to reorganized school districts for up to 14 years after merging, on a phase-out basis. New York State encourages consolidation for districts with small student populations as a solution to issues caused by low enrollment. Several districts in the state have already made the decision to merge, and more are considering the possibility.

The potential benefits of merging districts include cost savings, additional resources, expanded offerings for students, and upgraded facilities. However, many smaller districts are reluctant to merge due to concerns over loss of school identity, less individualized student attention, increased travel time, the potential for higher property taxes, and other possible consequences. In-depth studies evaluating the prospective benefits versus costs for school districts considering reorganization are necessary to determine the feasibility of potential mergers.

Potential Benefits of Merging

Cost Savings

Merging districts can result in reduced administrative and operational costs. Consolidating districts reduces the number of teachers and administrative staff required to operate the district, and fewer school buildings means less spending on utilities such as heat and electricity. Consolidating bussing systems can also help reduce transportation costs.

Additional Resources

A reorganized district benefits from the combined resources of both districts involved in the merger, including teaching staff, learning materials, and school equipment.

Expanded Programs

The funding provided through the RIOA program allows reorganized districts to develop and strengthen both academic and extracurricular programs. The new, larger districts may be able to hire more specialized instructors and offer a wider variety of educational programs. The funds can also be used to support non-academic programs such as athletics, clubs, and theater and music programs.

Facility Upgrades

RIOA funds can also be utilized to improve or renovate school buildings and grounds.

Concerns over Merging

Loss of School Identity

Communities faced with the possibility of a school district merger often fear that combining districts will lead to a loss of school identity. People may be reluctant to give up familiar school traditions, mascots, and the tight-knit communities they’ve become accustomed to.

Less Individualized Student Attention

Students, employees, and families in smaller school districts are accustomed to the personal qualities of a small school community, such as small class sizes, opportunities for parent involvement, easy access to teachers, and individualized student attention. A transition to a larger combined district may translate to a less personalized experience for students and families.

Longer Travel Time

When a merger occurs, students may need to travel further distances to school, increasing travel time and transportation costs.

Potential Increased Costs for Taxpayers

When two school districts merge, the new district may level up staff salaries and benefits to those of the higher-paying district, raising staffing costs. These higher staffing costs may result in higher property taxes for residents. Increased school transportation costs can also lead to higher taxes.

 

School district mergers present both potential advantages and disadvantages for communities in New York State, all of which should be considered by districts exploring the possibility of reorganizing. Merger feasibility studies should be conducted in order to thoroughly weigh the potential benefits versus costs for individual communities. For more information on school district reorganization, see NYSED’s Guide to the Reorganization of School Districts in New York State.

While you continue to act in the best interest of your school district, please know that RBT CPAs is here to support your district’s accounting, advisory, tax, and audit needs. Contact us to find out how we can be Remarkably Better Together.

How Do You Know If You Have a Good Fee Accountant?

How Do You Know If You Have a Good Fee Accountant?

A fee accountant is an external accountant hired by a Public Housing Authority on a contractual basis to handle the organization’s accounting responsibilities. The use of a fee accountant can improve the accuracy and efficiency of an Authority’s financial reporting, give the Authority access to specialized knowledge, and save the organization the expense of an in-house accounting team. But—not all fee accountants are created equal.

Below are some signs of a good fee accountant.

  1. Minimal (or zero) audit adjustments

One sign that your fee accountant is doing his/her job well is a lack of adjustments, posted or unposted, to the Authority’s audited financials. This indicates that the Authority’s financial data has been reported accurately and in compliance with regulations.

  1. Minimal errors in monthly financial reports

Another indicator of a good fee accountant is a lack of errors in the financial statements he/she prepares each month for the Board of Commissioners. Monthly financial reports are key to monitoring a PHA’s financial health; they should be accurate and submitted in a timely manner.

  1. Ability to meet deadlines and communicate about delays

Fee accountants need to meet several key deadlines including those regarding budget reports, monthly financial reports, and Financial Data Schedules. If delays occur, the accountant should communicate this information to the PHA.

  1. Understanding of HUD programs and compliance requirements

A good fee accountant understands the specific compliance requirements for HUD programs and keeps abreast of updates in industry regulations.

  1. Experience with PHA software programs

Your fee accountant should be familiar with the common software programs used in the management of Public Housing Authorities, such as MRI Software, Yardi, and PHA-Web.

  1. Audit preparation and readiness

Your fee accountant should have experience working with auditors and must be able to provide accurate supporting documentation to auditors in a timely manner. A fee accountant must ensure that the PHA’s books and records are audit-ready, meaning that all supporting documentation should reconcile to the trial balance before the auditor’s review. The auditor’s role is to verify accuracy, not to make adjustments. Any necessary corrections should be identified and addressed before the audit begins to ensure a smooth and efficient audit process.

  1. Communication and responsiveness

Is your fee accountant accessible and responsive when you reach out with questions or concerns? A good fee accountant maintains consistent communication with the Housing Authority as well as with auditors.

  1. Willingness and ability to help the Authority resolve issues

Finally, your fee accountant should be a helpful resource, identifying potential issues and opportunities in the PHA’s financial processes. A good fee accountant is committed to helping the PHA resolve deficiencies and other issues that arise.

As you can see, there is much more to the fee accountant role than merely completing accounting tasks. When it comes to accounting services, quality of service matters. Essential to maintaining the financial reputation and integrity of your PHA is a fee accountant who is reliable, effective, and well-versed in the specific requirements for HUD programs.

Our experts at RBT CPAs possess the specialized knowledge and skills to work with you on a per-service basis alongside your internal accounting resources or as your full-service accounting and tax department and advisor. When you partner with RBT CPAs, you can be confident in your program’s financial integrity and compliance, so you can continue to focus on your goal of providing decent and safe housing for our state’s residents. To learn more about how we can support your accounting, tax, audit, and advisory needs, visit our website or give us a call.

3 Tax-Saving Opportunities for New York Breweries and Distilleries

3 Tax-Saving Opportunities for New York Breweries and Distilleries

Is your business making the most of tax benefits this year? As annual tax deadlines approach, consider the following credits and deductions available to breweries and distilleries in New York State.

  1. Section 179 and Bonus Depreciation

 Section 179 allows business owners to deduct the full cost of tangible property placed into service during the tax year. Eligible property includes machinery, equipment, certain vehicles, computers, software, and more. For a full list of eligible property, see IRS publication 946. For tax years beginning in 2024, the maximum expense deduction businesses can take is $1,220,000. This limit decreases when more than $3,050,000 worth of Section 179 property is placed into service during the tax year.

Bonus depreciation is another immediate expense deduction available to brewers and distillers. Bonus depreciation allows business owners to deduct a percentage of the cost of newly acquired property. The bonus depreciation rate for 2024 is 60 percent for certain qualified property. Note: Beginning in 2022, bonus depreciation percentages began decreasing as the incentive started phasing out. The rate will continue to go down by 20 percent each year until 2027 when the phase-out will be complete.

Combining Section 179 and bonus depreciation can result in significant tax savings for business owners. If you plan to utilize both benefits, keep in mind that Section 179 must be applied first.

  1. Alcoholic Beverage Production Tax Credit

 Registered distributors who produce beer, cider, wine, or liquor in New York are eligible for the Alcoholic Beverage Production Tax Credit if, during the tax year, they produced a maximum of 60 million gallons of beer or cider; 20 million gallons of wine; or 800,000 gallons of liquor.

For the first 500,000 gallons produced in the state, the tax credit equals:

  • 14 cents per gallon of beer or cider
  • 30 cents per gallon of wine
  • $2.54 per gallon of liquor with alcohol by volume (ABV) between 2% and 24%
  • $6.44 per gallon of liquor with an ABV above 24%

For amounts in excess of 500,000 gallons, the credit equals 4.5 cents per gallon up to 15 million additional gallons of beer, cider, or wine and up to 300,000 additional gallons of liquor. During an audit, you may be required to prove entitlement to the tax credit by providing copies of various forms (click here for a list.)

Please note that this credit is taxable. For more information, check out our article on the taxability of the NYS Alcohol Production Tax Credit.

  1. Tipped Employee Credits

FICA Tip Credit

If you employ food and beverage service workers who customarily earn tips and you pay Social Security and Medicare taxes on those tips, you may be eligible to credit a portion of what you pay against your business income taxes. Recordkeeping requirements apply.

New York Tip Credit

If you employ food and beverage service workers who earn at least $30 a month in tips, a portion of those tips may be used to satisfy your minimum wage obligation. When taking this credit, recordkeeping and reporting requirements apply. More information on the NYS Tip Credit can be found here.

Conclusion

Don’t miss out on opportunities to maximize your tax benefits this year. These credits and deductions can save you money on taxes, and capital which can then be used to reinvest in your business. For more information on tax benefits available to your business, contact our experts at RBT CPAs. Our firm is here to support your business’s accounting, advisory, tax, and audit needs. Give us a call today to find out how we can be Remarkably Better Together.